Cooperative Learning Models

Cooperative Learning Models Introduction Despite the numerous learning strategies adopted in schools, cooperative learning has been identified as the most efficient. This strategy of instruction and learning has been adequately adopted in many academic institution as well as corporate institutions for educating people.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cooperative Learning Models specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The advantages of this learning process are extensive. It has been observed that cooperative learning gives students the opportunity to acquire academic, social and cognitive skills in an efficient and effective manner. Cooperative learning has been identified to be highly advantageous in the sense that it helps students to solve problems together as well as solution to conflicting ideas. Individual weaknesses and difference in learning process can be adequately countered through the adoption of cooperative learning thus making it an effi cient learning strategy. There are various cooperative learning models which can be efficiently adopted by the teacher for instruction. Some of the main cooperative learning models include; the Graffiti model, the jigsaw model, the academic controversy model and the student teams-achievement division (STAD) model. Despite the numerous efficiencies of each of the cooperative learning models, each is endowed with varied characteristics. This essay will compare and contrast the above highlighted cooperative learning models. The four cooperative learning models including the; Graffiti model, the academic controversy model, the jigsaw model, and the student teams-achievement division (STAD) model have a high sense of commonness. An analysis of the four models of cooperative learning indicates that each of the models is aimed at ensuring integration of students’ ideas in the classroom. The concept of working together as a group in the classroom is explicitly demonstrated by each of the model. This aspect depicts the similarities of the models in enhancing supportive cooperative learning. In the case of graffiti model, students are offered a chance to work in groups on previously identified topics and questions. This helps students to share individual and group knowledge on the topic. This scenario is also depicted in the jigsaw model whereby students are divided into groups and each member assigned with some piece of information. This individual information is integrated together with those of other members thus making it possible to realise the class objectives collectively. In the case of academic controversy model, students are offered adequate freedom to express their understanding on a certain topic.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This creates an open forum for debate, discussion and conflict of ideas thus leading to sharing of information. On t he other hand, the student teams-achievement division (STaD) model also replicates the other models in the sense that it is based on team learning. Students are in this case divided in teams of about five and assigned with specific topics for discussion after which they present to the whole class. On the contrary, the various cooperative learning models have demonstrated significant differences. This is based on the nature of the teams adopted in instruction as well as distribution of materials or information to be discussed. In the graffiti model, students are required to discuss in groups previously identified topics. Each group is supposed to make summaries on all class’s responses. A special aspect of this model is that it ensures face-to-face interactions and positive interdependence among the students. This is in contrast to jigsaw model whereby students are offered with different materials to discuss and share with their colleagues. Academic controversy model on the ot her hand entails open discussion among students, whereby they share their knowledge and experiences on a certain question or topic. In the case of student teams-academic division (STaD) model, students study in groups. These are heterogeneous and representative groups of the entire class. After the group discussions, the information or results of each groups is discussed to the whole class. Conclusion In summation, it has been clearly evident that cooperative learning is one of the most effective learning strategies. This form of learning ensures smooth integration of student’s knowledge in the classroom. Student gain a lot of experience and knowledge on social, cognitive and academic skills. The concept of group work is embraced in cooperative learning whereby students are able to solve problems together. The different cooperative learning models have demonstrated a high sense of similarities in terms of group discussion and collaborative learning. On the contrary, the mode of execution of each model is different this making each model to be distinct.

Measurements of Unemployment and Inflation Essay

Measurements of Unemployment and Inflation - Essay Example The output and the productivity of a business organization are significantly dependent on the employment as well as unemployment rates. This is because of Productivity = Output/Employment and therefore, Employment = Output/Productivity. Hence, it can be stated that the productivity of a business organization is directly proportional to employment. Therefore, it is quite important for the organizations to measure the unemployment rates in order to determine their productivity. These measurements further facilitate the organizations to prepare for the fluctuations that generally take place in the economy (Blanchard, Solow, & Wilson, 2012). Apart from unemployment, the business organizations need to measure the inflation as well. This is because of the reason that consumers’ spending and investment activities are chiefly dependent upon the rate of inflation. A high inflation rate discourages the investors and consequently reduces the amount of investment in the economy. Moreover, high inflation rates are likely to reduce the return on investment and further can result in a downfall in terms of demand in the economy. These reasons make it quite imperative for the management of an organization to carry out timely measurements of the inflation rates (National Grid for Learning, 2009). Furthermore, it is quite essential for business organizations to manipulate the price of their goods which is likely to be valuable when there is a high inflation rate in the economy. Re-pricing is a quite expensive process and in order to avoid frequent re-pricing of the products, the management of the organizations needs to measure the inflation rates. In addition, inflation causes the prices of the raw materials to grow high as well as the prices of other components to rise. These factors compel the business organizations to explore for contemptible raw materials and subsequently increase the cost for the organization. Owing to this, the management of the business needs to mea sure the inflation rate to minimize these costs. Moreover, with an increase in inflation rates, the business organizations face the demands for increasing the wage rates. This further leads to negotiation activities with the employees as well as the labor unions causing chaos in the management system. Therefore, in order to mitigate these threats, the management of the organizations are required to measure the inflation rates (National Grid for Learning, 2009). 2. What Analyses Might A Manager Do To Learn More About A Specific Company Or Industry? In order to learn more about a specific company or industry, a manager can carry out various analysis strategies such as the value chain analysis, Porter’s five forces’ model analysis, and SWOT analysis among others.

Scenario Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Scenario Exam - Essay Example It is noted that Meredith Parker is a 36 year old woman who is a supervisor in a large department store. She works full time, leaving little time to spend with her two small children aged 4 and 2. Over the last two months, Meredith has lost 10kg and has now begun to experience episodes of right sided pain under her ribs, radiating through to her shoulder blade. These have become more frequent, lasting for several hours with episodes of nausea and vomiting. Following a GP referral and investigations she has been admitted to the ward for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. She stopped taking the combined oral contraceptive pill one year ago and smokes 15 cigarettes per day. In pre-admission clinic her observations were: BP 140/84 mmHg; pulse rate 74 beats/min and regular; respiratory rate 17 breaths/min; temperature 36.8 o C, oxygen saturation 98%.Her waist circumference is 92cm. It is certain that with Meredith Parker’s case there are numerous foreseeable consequences that she is l ikely to encounter if appropriate professional procedure is not impressed. As clearly highlighted in the history of the patient, she is a smoker. Research indicate that smoking often rob the patient’s body of oxygen and significantly interferes with the body of the patient from recovering properly. As widely cited, there is need to impress exercise prior to any surgical procedure. Arguably, exercising increases the level of fitness of a patient and it also promotes quick recovery. However, this are limited to some period of time before hospital admission. Research suggests that before any surgery, a patient needs to be subjected to various diagnostic tests. These might include chest x-ray, CT Scan, biopsies, bone scan, ventilation studies, bronchoscopy, and perhaps blood work. These constitute the prospective assessment. However, one thing to content with is that these processes have to follow a particular protocol commonly referred to as ABCDEF. Certainly Meredith Parker has to adhere to the ABCDEF process. This way, she would be provided with A- Antibiotics shot/Anaesthetistconsulation, followed by B — Blood tests and Bowel for purposes of monitoring proper urinary output, then C — Consent from the patient in order to get be allowed to conduct a Chest X-ray (CXR). It is after this that Meridith Parker shall receive D — Drug chart, which would concern any previous medication/DVT prophylaxis treatment, she would then undergo E — Echocardiography (ECG) followed by F — Fluid monitoring and Food intake, in which she would be kept on nothing per oral (NPO) for at least 12 hours before surgery. In a rather practical approach to Meredith Parker, it is worth noting that there are various steps towards surgery that involve all these procedures in a very specific way and cover the details of management even in six hours post operatively. The first step is to take a detailed history about the symptoms. This includes presenting c omplaints, history of presenting complaints, social, family, personal and drug history. It is essential that all the associated symptoms should be checked. It is important to note if there has been any change in symptoms or if there is any doubt in diagnosis so that they can be checked again. After that, a detail examination is required. In our patient, we should especially

Strategies for Student Creativity

Strategies for Student Creativity Strategies to stimulate students innate capacity to be creative during their study stage Jorge Luis Garzon Medina Abstract This research paper involves in to research how stimulate students innate capacity to be creative, consider it is necessary to apply several strategies during their first years of life, throughout the primary and secondary school years, an also throughout college. This research paper indicated that the student need promote the education and for each education stage had taken into account some strategies that have given result in others parts of world, with these strategies have stimulated students innate capacity. Furthermore, this paper use an important phrase that said Albert Einstein: Everybody is a genius. But if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid, this research paper use this phrase for explain that everybody can surge in different career, only need put all effort. Finally, this research paper considers that with the emotional wellness and creativity capacity of each person to can become a great genius. Keywords: innate capacity, strategies, genius, promote the education, ability, emotional wellness. Albert Einstein said Everybody is a genius. But You judge a Fish by its Ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is Stupid. Everybody born with different skill and ability, but during their student live each student will go forming their creativity capacity. Furthermore, it is possible wake up the creativity with different actions. For example, in their daily live when there is a problem, each person use the creative capacity for solve any problems. Also, if a people develop the creative capacity, he will can become a great genius. Then, to form intelligent people is necessary take into account the environment where they surround. Because in some cases a student can have creativity and capacity, but if he does not have enough resource in their environment, he will cannot become in a great genius. However, there are cases so singular where the people only need creative as is the case of William Kamkwamba, he was only a farmer in a corner of Malawi where was not have sufficiently base resource to overcome, born a man very intellectual, so thanks to his imagination and his creative, he could create energy fo r his town through a windmill. In the article A Young Tinkerer Builds a Windmill, electrifying a Nation, (Childress, December 12, 2017) Sarah said that Mr. Kamkwamba said I was thinking about electricity, said Mr. Kamkwamba, explaining how he got hooked on wind. I was thinking about what Id like to have at home, and I was thinking, What can I do?. If in the world had more creative people as William Kamkwamba, the could change. To create more researchers is essential to promote creative capacity in all people, from the newborn to the future stages of life. as soon as, society must be clear that everyone can become in great geniuses. Moreover, the society must know that each person can become a great genius in their field of work. therefore, each person only need do what you love the most. That is to say, each person should enjoy of their career for develop, and develop their innate capacity. Then to stimulate students innate capacity to be creative, it is necessary to apply several strategies during their first years of life, throughout the primary and secondary school years, and also throughout college. During their first years of life The most important stage of education is in the first years of life because at this stage children learn from all the activities that are around them, they leave their mothers womb and opening their little eyes. So, they see that the world is very immense to explore. Furthermore, in early childhood are several factors that intervene in their developed such as they are cared for with love, the relationship with their families, the food they receive, freedom of exploration, and other activities. In the site web UNICEF in the state of the worlds children, (UNICEF,2001), UNICEF said that how the child develops during childhood stage sets the stage for later success in school and the character of adolescence and adulthood.. Then, to stimulate child capacity at this stage, it is necessary to work in three specific areas: first develop all their senses, second to promote in discover their environment, and third their social and emotional development. In the first years of life, some children have not developed all the senses because some parents do not take care of them, they do not pay much attention. Hence why these children do not develop all their senses, for example in Brazil some children who suffer from abuse by their mothers. Furthermore, this effect could affect in future stages. Therefore, this must change immediately, and a good strategy to overcome these disorders and even to improve the development of the senses in children is a specialized center called Zen preschool, where children can develop all their senses, such as touch, on other hand, they use different articles to stimulate their touch. Also, the smell when it can smell different types of things like the food, and the ear was inaudible in hearing activities such as listening to childrens songs at low sounds. Moreover, this center also helps develop motor development through yoga that is the thing most relevant in this center (Zen preschool: Wellness parentin g Brazil style, May 16, 2016). For this serious reason is indispensable to take this model and implant it in other parts of the world. In the article 5 Ways to Stimulate Your Babys, (Parents Magazine, Bell Reece, 2008) They says that. Just make sure you give him things that are safe and clean.. For smell. in the article 5 Ways to Stimulate Your Babys, (Parents Magazine, Bell Reece, 2008), El Dr. Marquis says that use the same products regularly, because babies like familiarity, these activities will be indispensable to wake up the sense in first year of life. On other hand this center Focus in develop explorer capacities in children through learn outside all day. Their Wald kindergarten is in the middle of forest where the children could run through forests, that naptime is even outside. While they are outside all day, they can learn through convivence with environment, and their weather, also they can discover their own weaknesses, and strengths. Their learning is more visual and practice, and every day is different for them (Kenny, 2008). For last place in first years of life is very important to promote the social and emotional development, also is very important consider that the children the children encompass both intra and interpersonal processes. Also, the children experience, perceive and express different emotion. Furthermore, during the first stage is when the children want learn to recognize others emotion transmitted for other people in the actually the children are very curios. Also, for this reason is very important take into account that is very important work in this process. There is an organization that takes into account the development in the initial stage, to promote social and emotional development in each child, called Social Emotional development , this organization has an Internet platform called Virtual Lab School where it gives messages and explains through appropriate lessons of How to achieve the development of children in meaningful interactions to promote learning and growth in the socio -emotional skills of children and their environment. Is necessary consider that in the first stage of years is the more important for that the children develop many skills and obtain for their body more capacity for relationship with other children. Always take into account these three-important aspects for developed during initial stage. So, if develop these aspects during initial stage will be possible give a good step to next stage. Throughout the primary and secondary school years Second, to stimulate the innate ability of students to be creative, it is necessary to apply various strategies throughout the years of primary and secondary school. In primary and secondary schools, children need more information because at this stage they open the door to knowledge, which is why they need more strategies to learn new things and need a new model of teaching to overcome old-fashioned models. On the other hand, at this stage it is more fundamental to observe teachers from children because at this stage teachers need to open their eyes to see the abilities that each student has and to recognize which hemisphere they have developed the most. for these reason a student must considerate some strategies to stimulate the innate capacity in this stage such as, determine what hemispheres have more development, work in their skills and ability and finally search new models to overcome learnings antiquated models. In the primary and secondary stage is very important for teachers who use the method of observation because from this stage it is possible to determine which hemisphere has more development a student, there are two hemispheres as right hemisphere and left hemisphere, but each hemisphere is dominant for different behavior. While the right hemisphere is responsible for controlling creative and artistic abilities such as space skills, facial recognition, music as well as controlling the left side of the body. The left hemisphere is responsible for controlling academic and logical abilities such as calculus, math, literature, and control the right side of the body (Wolman, May 12, 2012). However, the two hemispheres share information through the callous body. For these reasons, it is important for teachers who use the observation technique, when using this technique, and determining which hemisphere has less developed the teacher must use certain strategies to awaken the part of the brai n less developed. Is necessary take into account that in primary and secondary stage is when the student has more creative capacities that an adult person for this reason is very important to work in students skills, for example when the people are adults have loosed the creativity capacity so when the people want to run companies, they have many scary to lead their companies because they think that possibly fail (Robinson. K, 2006). In this stage is important that the student add creativity because in this moment because how in the video do school kill Creativity?, (Robinson. K, 2006) Ken Robinson says that Picasso said: all children are born artists. The problem is to remain an artist as we grow up. I believe this passionately, that we dont grow into creativity, we grow out of it. For these reason is very important consider the creativity with the science. then the professors would be who infuse this meaning all the days in their classes. On other hand, there is a great problem in primary and secondary education because during several years, haven ´t change the system education for this reason is impossible that the children can develop their creative capacity and less can become in great genius. Then is very important take other models of others part of world to change the education system, for example the Finland phenomena is very strong for take in all the world with this process all system would change, because with this model It is a radical change in education, takes into account the individual characteristics, considers necessary the group integration is focused on that in primary and until the middle of high school is not necessary to send homework, because at this time is for children to be discovered, and can learn new things like sports or arts or become self-taught. Then when he reaches future stages is not frustrated, and can get his career in what he most likes because he could know himself (Finla nd Educational System,2013). Nevertheless, in this actual moment there are many information, so with education given by professors dont is sufficiently, the new teach need more strategies for student can enrolling with all educative system for example Innova Schools in Peru, designed with help from global innovation called blended learning, with this method the student combines the traditional classroom with individual classroom in online the idea is each student can adapted to study and promote in the student the capacity like a researcher (Segal, 2016). Throughout college In third place to stimulate students innate capacity to be creative, it is necessary to apply several strategies throughout college. In college stage a student that pass through previous process and took each detail in each stage such as, worked in their emotional stage, worked in their skill capacity, developed a hemisphere more than other, develop their body Internally and externally and other details. Then a student can have many options to choose different career, for example if a student would like the sports, he can to follow a career relapsed with these topics, or a student have more attraction for the science and want all live research in different science, he can to follow a career relapsed with science career, or student focus for the arts, he would like follow a career relapsed with some major relapsed with the arts. However, in this stage a student when go out secondary school can have many ideas in your mind. So For these reason is necessary established following strateg ies: take a capacity test, use help of psychologist, and provide a lot of information on the many possibilities they have as majors. The first strategy for students surge in the college is to take a test of abilities. Then through this test the student can determine which skills, he has more developed. Moreover, a strategy to improve this test would be a test both in the psychological, physic(body), academic, and artistic. Consequently, the test not only focuses on the academic. Then you can determine the performance in different fields and with these results the student can be guided to start a career The second strategy for students surge in the college, and can become in great genius is through a psychologist help. All people when born, born free to act, creative, imperative social, but with the pass of the years in the society will go imposing paradigms, blocking ideas, impregnating models and as we grow we will lose our innate creativity, then gradually will die our skills. for these reason is when the hand of a psychologist is utterly indispensable, especially when we are going to take a career, and per different paradigms each person not choose the prefer career that student more likes. The third strategy to student surge in the college is provide a lot of information on the many possibilities, they have as majors Students when they want to go to college, they do not have idea how they will do the work, after they obtain their major. Therefore, they do not choose a career that do not know. Then the idea with this strategy, would be after to obtain the results of a Test show them a list of college that could follow according their abilities, and show them the possible future work that could work after obtain majors, and show how they will do in the professional life In It is summary is important search different new strategies to improve the interactive development between the students, and the teacher during the different stages of the student life. Also, it is important to consider the individual differences of each student. Since each person has different abilities and capacities individual. since there are different science, but the The greatest scientists are artists as well and the greatest artists are scientists as said Albert Einstein. On the other hand, it is important to think in the society that, with each career that students choose can become great geniuses. Since all can achieve get their dreams. Is possible change the world because Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world as Nelson Mandela said. References Ossola. A., (Nov 12, 2014). Scientists Are More Creative Than You Might Imagine, The  Atlantic. Retrieved from  https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2014/11/the-creative-scientist/382633/ Wolma. D., (march 12, 1960). The split brain: A tale of two halves. Nature, Vol483, pp. 260  263. Retrieved from  http://www.nature.com/news/the-split-brain-a-tale-of-two-halves-1.10213 Segal. S., (may 20, 2016). The case for disruption in Latin Americas  Classrooms. World Economic Forum on Latin America 2016. Retrieved from:  https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B375MPy0JvMcdHdkSTdDU0hhNE Bell. K. Reece. T., (2008). 5 Ways to Stimulate Your Babys. Parents Magazine.  Retrieved from:  http://www.parents.com/baby/development/physical/5-ways-to-stimulate-your-babys-senses/ Zoomin.TV World News.(May 16, 2016). Zen Preschool: Wellness parenting Brazil style  . Retrieved from:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-45C9kvv7A UNICEF, (2001). Early Childhood. the state of the world children. Retrieved from:  https://www.unicef.org/sowc01/1-2.htm AJ+.TV World.(June 16, 2016). Kindergarten In The Wild . Retrieved from:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=31eBV6ZTNDQ

Discussing the customer service policies Essay

In my assignment I will provide information about customers services levels, customer satisfaction, what is customer services , I will give examples and evidence about different institutions and their customers services levels and policies .I want to start with the definitions of customer services and customers service policies. Customer service is the provision of service to customers before, during and after a purchase.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Customer service is a series of activities designed to enhance the level of customer satisfaction – that is, the feeling that a product or service has met the customer expectation.†Some people say that ‘Customer is always right’ but nowadays if u work in the hospitality industry u will definitely disagree with that .Some customers are really informed about their rights so because of that the stuff should be really confident and well trained to reach the customer expectation. Every business should have customer service policies. According to Entrepreneur Magazine, the definition of a customer service policy is ‘the degree of assistance and courtesy granted those who patronise a business ’.The customer service policies apply, because for every business is important to give their best in way to satisfy the customers. Policies are written rules which customers can see and read at any time, and they protect the business owners. Why we use the customers service policies ?We use them because they inform the customers for their rights ,they give information for the place .That’s why they are very , very important and useful nowadays .There are so many hotels, pubs , bars and other hospitality businesses today which have very interesting customer service policies. I have choose Hilton London Wembley Hotel to give as an example with its customer service policies .The hotel is one of the world wide best hotels so they really know how to satisfy customers needs . Everyone knows that hotel so I want to inform you more about it .For example Hilton London Wembley Hotel check- in time is 3.00pm. , check- out time is 12.00pm.This time hours gives advantages to the stuff so they clean the rooms and prepare them for the next customers and of course they inform the guests when they should leave the room. References: 1. Google ,Wikipedia (2013) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Customer_service 2.Turban, Efraim (2002). Electronic Commerce: A Managerial Perspective. 3. Entrepreneur Magazine http://www.entrepreneur.com/encyclopedia/customer-service

Interpersonal Roles

Lamond, D. (2003). Henry Mintzberg vs. Henri Fayol: Of Lighthouses, Cubists and the Emperor's New Clothes. Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship, 8(4), 5-23. This article talks about Mintzberg’s and Fayol’s theories regarding managerial work. It is mentioned that Fayol’s managerial function and Mintzberg’s managerial roles can be connected with one another. (Tsoukas 1994, as cited by Lamond, 2003) â€Å"the logical links between Fayol’s functions and Mintzberg’s roles are demonstrated†. This article explains the interrelation between managerial functions and managerial roles in particular group so that the management in organisation can run effectively. This article is useful for the author’s research as it gives explanation about the importance of interpersonal roles in relations with managerial functions while Robbins et al. (2003) book only provides the basic theoretical managerial roles without further relate with any other managerial components. Mintzberg, H. (1975). The manager's job: folklore and fact, Harvard Business Review, 53(4) 49-61. Mintzberg’s (1975) article shows how interpersonal roles play important part for managers to make decisions and strategies; it also describes the importance of how interpersonal roles are integrated with other roles to achieve effectiveness of managerial work. Mintzberg (1975) suggested that â€Å"Three of manager’s roles arise directly from his formal authority and involve basic interpersonal relationship. † (p. 54). This article is useful for the author’s research as it gives an insight towards the importance of interpersonal roles for manager to avoid misunderstanding between the modern and traditional managerial works. This article is better compared to Pavett and Lau (1983) about managerial work’s article because it provides several examples that support the importance of international roles by providing evidence in reality such as the modern and traditional managerial works that have been misunderstood by society. Pavett, C. M. , & Lau, A. W. (1983). Managerial work: The Influence of hierarchical level and functional speciality. Academy of Management Journal , 26(1), 170 – 177. Through this article, Pavett and Lau (1983) show the influence of hierarchical level and functional speciality on managerial roles. (Mintzberg, 1975, as cited in Pavett & Lau, 1983) â€Å"differences in managerial work involve the relative’s importance of the roles across hierarchical level and functional speciality†. The research focuses on the integration between hierarchical level and functional speciality with managerial roles. This article is useful to the author’s research topics as Pavett and Lau (1983) give a relevant statistics about how hierarchical level, functional speciality and managerial roles are integrated, especially when the interpersonal roles are dominantly seen in hierarchical level and functional speciality as an essential part compared to the book written by Robbins et al. (2003) which only mentioned about the theory without justified examples to support it. Robbins, S. P. , Bergman, R. , Stagg, I. , & Coutler, M. 2012). Management 6 (6th edition). French Forest NSW, Australia: Pearson Australia. Robbins et al. (2012) contains a brief explanation about Mintzberg’s interpersonal roles with its duties and responsibilities. Robbins et al. (2012) suggested that â€Å"All managers are required to perform duties that involve people (subordinates and persons outside the organisation) and other duties that are ceremonial and symbolic in nature†. The study explains that inter personal roles are more likely involve outsiders. This book is beneficial for the author’s research topic, as Robbins et al. (2012) gives plenty explanations about the benefit of interpersonal roles and how each roles are linked well together. The main limitation of the article is that the authors do not put sufficient details and examples about each roles compared to the article of Mintzberg (1975) which mentioned the clear evidence regarding interpersonal roles in everyday life by providing explanation about the modern and traditional way in defining managerial works.

Looking at the “Fireflies in the Garden” by Robert Frost

Robert Frost’s exaggeration in â€Å"The Fireflies in the Garden† is used to emphasize the illumination that the fireflies brought to the garden at night, which just like the stars has brought to the skies. They are not visible to us by day, but at night these small, silent creatures come out one-by-one lighting up the spring night with thousands of tiny lights. Like stars, these little bugs imitate and to an imagination almost seem as they are truly the heavens. Waking up from this place of awe, the fireflies are only bugs and the stars are stars. In â€Å"Fireflies in the Garden,† Frost uses imagery to convey that things are static and do not change according to our imagination. The fireflies are like children-young, happy, full of light. â€Å"[A] star-like start† (Frost ln.5). To imagine the fireflies like stars seems to be a childish fantasy to a grown person. However, to a child it’s everything in the world to him that the â€Å"(fireflies are) real stars to fill the upper skies†- that he can reach and pick out a star from the sky (Frost L.n. 1) â€Å"Children are emotional. And memory has its heyday in them, so that it seems as if they are in just the state which makes fantasies natural. It only shows what power he has is not under any rigid control. He moves as a child, imagines as a child, and has a certain kind of freedom only because he has not won another and higher kind of liberty† (Morgan 58). Children have no biases when it comes to love. Children do not love with expectation