Impact Of The Income Inequality On The American Dream

Impact of the Income Inequality on the American Dream The book called They Say I say with Readings contains multiple articles. However, chapter nineteen focuses on the American Dream. Chapter nineteen, â€Å"What’s Up with the American Dream?† indicates how the article will be focusing on the American Dream. The American Dream changes over the course of time as the income inequality widens between the higher and lower class. Few events occurred that affected the income, which led to a growing gap between the different classes. The income of a person depends on the education that a person possesses, which can affect one’s income. Consequently, causing inequality between the different classes. People believe the American Dream changes over time as situations and circumstances vary. Health care is affected by the income inequality because different choices of insurances and doctors are available to those with specific incomes. The impact of the Income Inequality on the American Dream by the gap increasing between higher and lower class, education, interpretation of the American Dream over time, health care, and gender roles. Various authors from chapter nineteen and others from different resources focus on how income inequality affects the American Dream. Multiple authors from chapter nineteen and other sources believe that the gap between the higher and lower class is steadily increasing. Mr. Saez, collects the information regarding the income from the International RevenueShow MoreRelatedEssay about Death of the American Dream1042 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Death of the American Dream Flashback to the stigma of anti-Communism in the 1950s, communism places extreme emphasis on class divisions, specifically the unfair nature of the upper class’ domination of the working class. To admit class divisions was to invite revolution and socialism. So instead, we told ourselves that, in this country, class did not exist; that a free-market capitalist society permits anyone who wants to improve his socioeconomic status to do so. In his essay Class in America:Read MoreSklar and the Economist: Inequality in America1687 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica was once known as the land of opportunity. However, that is no longer the case. Americans are still suffering from a depression that began three years ago in 2008. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in 2007, the United States unemployment rates were 4.6 percent. In 2009, one year after the depression began, the unemployment rate rose to 7.6 percent. Millions of Americans are living in poverty, unable to afford the b asic necessities. On the other hand, there is a minuscule percentRead MoreWomen’s Income Inequality and The American Dream Essay1358 Words   |  6 Pages Income inequality is a big ongoing problem in the United States. 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The poverty stricken class has a significantly larger income gap than the upper class, the American Dream is weakened through opportunity and isRead MoreRaising Taxes By The Middle Class1208 Words   |  5 Pagesfixing the income inequality and gaining more wealth, however, this can be easily resolved by focusing on mobilizing the economy as a whole by raising the tax fairness. I believe that if the focus were mainly on raising taxes, it would allow for some stress and worry to be lifted off of the middle class and those in poverty. As a result, the rich will pay more taxes, which will benefit the middle and lower class. The so called â€Å"American Dream† is slowly losing its meaning when income inequality comesRead MoreChapter 2 Test Political Science Pearson Essay987 Words   |  4 Pageshousehold income Gross domestic product Poverty line Mass production factor 2) The degree of ________in the United States is unusually high compared to other developed countries. 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Investment Free Essays

Bicycles Is a London based company, which Is part of rapidly expanding global market. There Is currently huge potential for growth within the Industry. Sales of the folding bicycles are expected to reach 19,000 with a pre tax profit of IEEE,OHO for the year. We will write a custom essay sample on Investment or any similar topic only for you Order Now In a bid to boost production to 50,000 bikes per year they are currently in the process of a El m revamp and the introduction of new management. The lack of growth within Prompt Bicycles is also as a result of the fierce intention from overseas manufacturer’s, which are able to produce more bikes at a much faster rate and with a lower wage cost but Prompt bicycles are unwilling to move locations due to the high investment they have made in tools and specific skill training for their 85 staff. Prompt Bicycles have managed to reduce cost In some areas such as not having to invest In new tools or machinery as a result of their design hardly changing for 20 years. They have also managed to save on marketing cost through relying on word of mouth to promote the business, there are plans to change this In order to try and increase sales in the overseas market Summary of Prompt Bicycles Prompt Bicycles is a London based company, which is part of rapidly expanding global market. There is currently huge potential for growth within the industry. Sales The lack of growth within Prompt Bicycles Is also as a result of the fierce impotently from overseas manufacturer’s, which are able to produce more bikes at a Prompt Bicycles have managed to reduce cost in some areas such as not having to invest in new tools or machinery as a result of their design hardly changing for 20 mouth to promote the business, there are plans to change this in order to try and increase sales in the overseas marketer’s of Prompt Bicycles increase sales in the overseas Summary of Prompt Bicycles increase sales in the overseas market How to cite Investment, Papers

Aviation Management Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction

Question: Discuss about the Aviation Management for Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction. Answer: Introduction The current report revolves around the aviation management of full service network and low cost carriers. It is evident that airline industry has been increasingly developing with the record of carrying around 3.5 billion passengers on its scheduled services. It is observed that the industry is characterised by multiple key airline business models. However, two most effective model is the full service network (FSNC) as well as low cost carrier (LCC). In this context, De Neufville et al. (2013) commented that a distinction was observed in between the scheduled traffic that is comprehensively regulated and non-scheduled traffic in the realm of commercial air transport. On the other side, Shapiro and Varian (2013) also commented that low cost travel has now become one of the most effective ways of flying within Europe. At the e same time, it is notable that the figures of low cost-growth has also become stunning. Nevertheless, it has also been identified that there are some sorts of slowdown in the organic development of the low cost carriers (LCC). This is because of the decreasing average frequencies as well as increasing average route distance. The current report provides an insight regarding the revenue and the cost structure of the full service network and low cost carriers. Likewise, it also describes how the airline services in Australia and New Zealand implements the approaches to increases the revenue and use the cost structure of FSNC and LCC. Describing the revenue and the cost structures of full service network and low cost carriers (LCC) It has been identified that a legacy or the full service network is airline that usually focusses on providing a vast range of pre-flight as well as the on-board services, involving multiple services classes and the connecting flights. In this context, Dobruszkes (2013) commented that since the beginning of FSNCs operation on the hub-and-spoke model, this group of airlines are generally referred to as hub-and-spoke airlines. The below mentioned table 1 shows different types of sources that Full Service Network has been developing to maximise the revenue. This means FSC usually carries freight and it signs the contracts of the governments to carry mail, duty-free on- board to maximise the revenue as well as rent lease equipment to other airlines (Thompson et al. 2013). Revenue Account Medium Revenue Account Medium Passenger Passenger Traffic Charter Available Aircraft Time Freight Freight Traffic Duty-Free On-board Sales Mail Contracts of the government Services Maintenance handling for other airlines Excess Baggage Passenger Traffic Lease Income Lease of Equipment to other airline service Table 1: FSNC Revenue sources (Source: Lee,Seo and Sharma 2013) Likewise, the below mentioned tables demonstrate the airline as well as the aircraft operational expense. In order to minimise the expense, FNCS needs to develop the strategies for short-haul as well as the long-haul flight. Direct Operational Costs (DOC) Flight Operation The salaries and the expenses of the flight crew, the expense of fuel and oil, route charges and other expenses related to aircraft insurance, rental and lease of flight equipment Maintenance and overhaul Cost of engineering staff , spare parts consumed and administration and maintenance Depreciation and amortization Equipment of the flight, ground equipment and the property, the cost of development and crew training Station and ground expense Building, equipment, transport, maintenance costs paid to others and ground workers Passengers services The salaries of the cabin crew and expenses, service costs of other passengers and the insurance of the passengers Table 2: Airline operation cost (Source: Daft and Albers 2013) Discussing the approaches that have been considered to increase the revenue and minimise the costs by full service network and LCCs The cost structure of the FSNC model appears to be no longer an effective business model as they are implementing Low cost carriers operations strategies to decrease the fares as well as compete against the low-cost airlines. In fact, FSNC could continue to exist; they provide widely valuable services to large number of customers. The Full Service Network model could implement the strategies applied by LCS that may not affect the quality of services that they provide to the passengers such as frequent scheduling, inter-flight flexibility. The services also include like comfort on-board, in-flight entertainment, free mail and drinks. Furthermore, it has been observed that FSNCs strategies are designed to reduce the labour cost and increase productivity, transfer services to regional partners and build franchises. The FSNC model also uses the approaches to hire the new staff on less substantial contracts and outsource more activities. As commented by Baker (2013) FSC has been changing much of the techniques into a low-cost carriers. On the contrary, Timmins and Ham (2013) mentioned that a head to head strategy is implemented when FSC airlines implements the low-cost approaches in the particular routes in competition. Therefore, it can be mentioned that FSNs could have a control over the slots at the hub facilities or the ability to keep LCCs away of the hub operation. Cutting out the labour: It is evident that labour cost is one of the major concerns that airline organizations have to manage. In such situation, it is effective to cut down the workforce and adopt technology to get the work done quickly. For example, auto baggage check in could save a lot of time and the passengers would not have to stand on the queue for long. Hub and spoke structure: As mentioned by MacDiarmid (2013), Hub and spoke structure proves to be useful in FSNC, where they can have several spokes as well as a single hub. For example, while considering the Singapore Airline, Singapore being the hub, which has several spokes. Costs associated with the Ancillary: People who travel by air come from different culture and economic background. Some people may not compromise on their luxury. Thus, due to this reason, the airline has to develop different seat capacity. For example, the first class experience in aircraft feels the same as comfortably sitting in the couch at home. In addition, first class passengers get the full access to the luxury lounges in the airport where they could spend time with all facilities. Thus, first class tickets are very costly than any other categories. Therefore, it can be mentioned that selling one first class ticket could be equal to almost four economic tickets. Furthermore, it has also been identified that the majority FSN airlines have not applied the reduction of the flight and cabin crew at the low cost; rather the crew have to work early to flight from the other countries to minimize the accommodation cost. Conversely, Semple et al. (2013) commented that to resolve this issue, FSN are ceasing the secondary airports operations. A number of variables have been found that largely affect the FSNs operation being include the allocation of the seat, number of handle baggage as well as the use of loading bridges as they often delay the turn-around time of the aircraft. Assessing and reporting on the revenue sources and importance of ancillary revenue for Air New Zealand Group (2007-2015) It is observed that Air New Zealand recorded a net profit of $327 million for 2011 to 2015, which is considered as the 24% increase from the previous year. As put forward by Ramasamy, Sabatini Gardi and Kistan (2014), Air New Zealand has attributed to its strong financial performance to maximise the customer demand as well as additional capacity, lower fuel price and effective initiatives to minimise the cost. According to the recent published report, sales as well as marketing costs increased by 8.3% to $303 million, as the outcome of marketing new routes. Another increase of 3.6%o in labour cost has also been experienced. Regional coverage- Behind such excellent financial performance and increased revenue some domestic operation of Air New Zealand Group has also been identified. As mentioned by Gardi Sabatini Ramasamy and Kistan (2014), Air New Zealand operates flights to 42 towns as well as the cities across New Zealand. The studies indicate that Air New Zealand has maintained its services in some particular regions at considerable cost. It has also been identified that over the last few years, Air New Zealand anticipates that it has spent almost $1 million in a month for the providing services to the cities and towns. Furthermore, it has also been identified that Air New Zealand has the best regional network of any country. They provide the services to the towns with the population of 20000 people. Thus, it can be mentioned that the organization increases most of its revenue from the domestic services. Asian market: It is also observed that the number of visitors who travel from China to New Zealand has increased by 138% between 2007 to 2015. However, Ager et al. (2014) provided the sources that revenue for derived from the Asian market by Air New Zealand has decreased from 22% of the revenue generated in 2009 to 2011 to 18% in 2014/2015. It is also observed that Air New Zealand deals with a tough competition from Chinese airlines. Nonetheless, the organization closely work with the Tourism New Zealand. This helps the organization to attract Chinese demographics that adds better value to New Zealand tourism. In addition, due to the healthy climate and beautiful natural view of the country, people across the globe prefer to visit to New Zealand. Air New Zealand tend to attract wealthier people or the visitors who prefer to stay longer and travel across the country. Apart from the above-mentioned sources, some significant sources are there in which, the organization collects the revenue in terms of ancillary. The sources are such as Sustainability Framework, Environmental sustainability, Virgin Australia Alliance and Service out of Wellington. Analysing and describing different Air New Zealand Group cost (2007-2015) It has been identified that Air New Zealand operates its business in a very competitive market and developing the ways to minimise the operational costs, increase the rate of passenger satisfaction. The airline group is determined to differentiate themselves from this stiff competition. The operations involved in the airline services provided by Air New Zealand widely influence the financial performance positively and negatively. Some cost determinants are there in which Air New Zealand invests a large amount. However, there is a cost gap exists in each region of across a degree of cost categories. In this context, Strohmeier et al. (2014) commented that in 2008, there was 36% cost gap in respect of the operational cost. The operational cost of Air New Zealand can be categorised in different sector such as global operation cost, aircraft operation cost, fuel operational cost. It has been observed that the biggest source of unit cost advantages of New Zealand is in labour costs, which accounts for almost $51,435 annually per employee. Labour cost: Air New Zealand has lost more than 5% of its equity on labour cost management. Air New Zealand due to its strong operation both in domestic as well as global market, it has implemented the practice. Air New Zealand has a two-tier tax-free salary system as well as sourced from cheap Asian markets. Fuel cost: It is also observed that fuel cost has usually replaced the labour cost as the largest expense operating the airline services. As mentioned by Dobruszkes (2013), Air New Zealand saved almost 21% as well as 14% more fuel costs than the competitors in the airline industry. Analysing and discussing the year on year trends in the Air New Zealand Group fuel cost (2007-2015) It is evident that fuel cost strategies of the airline organizations have always been developed based on the current trends. As put forward by Lee, Seo and Sharma (2013), there has been a direct reduction to operate the costs with the reduction of fuel expense. It is identified that the rise in the fuel prices in the recent time has dramatically changed the equation of the airline business model as well as it has caused the unexpected demand for the more effective and efficient aircraft. It can be mentioned that decrease in the fuel price could influence the operation of airline service positively. Year Domestic International Consumption (million Gallons) Cost Million Dollars Cost per Gallon Consumption (million Gallons) Cost Million Dollars Cost Million Dollars 2012 1128.0 677.5 0.67 387.0 313.8 0.81 2014 1076.8 789.6 0.72 366.1 267.9 0.81 2015 1176.0 876.0 0.75 446.8 336.9 .083 Table 4: Year on Year on fuel cost (Source: Baker 2013) Identifying and discussing the fuel conversation strategies defined and implemented by the Air New Zealand Group (2007-2015) Environmental sustainability: Air New Zealand acknowledge admits that the aviation industry is one of the big hydro-carbon consumer as well as the polluter. Thus, the airline focuses promoting New Zealands 100 pure image in their collaborative partnership with the department of Conservation. Since the people in the country are doing the Great Walks of New Zealand, the partnership has increased. This enables the organization to develop the services and provide the unique experience to the customers. This eventually influence the financial performance. Commitment to the environment: Air New Zealand is considered as the world-leader in investigating the every aspect of flight operations to minimise the carbon emission by applying the technique of saving fuel. The Air New Zealand makes sure that it could predict fuel usage with the highest range of confidence as well as it could measure the progress appropriately. The Air New Zealand cut fuel consumed by 15% (Lee, Seo and Sharma 2013). Sustainable Bio Fuel: The organization has successfully accomplished worlds first commercial aviation test flight, which is powered by sustainable second-generation bio fuel jatropha. This has played a crucial role in the certification of the aviation bio fuel for the airline internationally. This initiative enables the drive for more sustainable air travel for forthcoming generation. Assessing and explaining the Air New Zealand Group annual profitability trends (2007 to 2015) It has been identified that Air New Zealand has announced its earning for the year 2014-2015, which is more than $805 million compared to $456 million in the year previous years. According to the financial statement recently published, it has been identified that the passenger revue of Air New Zealand has increased to $3765 in 2014 compared to $3876 in 2014 (Airnewzealand.co.nz.2016). However, the revenue from the cargo operation is observed to be $296, which is decrease to $ 287 in 2014. Likewise, the revenue from the contract services decreased to $277 in 2015 from $388 in 2014 (Airnewzealand.co.nz.2016). On the contrary, it has also been identified that the earning before the finance costs and taxation was $634 in 2012; however, it is decreased to $309 in 2014. Conversely, in 2014, it has increased to $ 405. The outcome indicated that in 2012 and 2013, the financial performance or the overall income of Air New Zealand was better than the performance of the recent year. Options 2015 2012 2009 2007 Operating Revenue $3876 $3765 $31689 $30973 Revenue from the contract services $277 $203 $287 $290 Earnings before finance cost and taxation Finance income $403 $309 $675 $432 Table 3: Trends in the financial profitability of Air New Zealand (Source: Airnewzealand.co.nz.2016) Identifying and explaining the key financial performance drivers of Air New Zealand Group (2007 to 2015) From the long-term operation of the New Zealand, some significant drivers have been identified that could largely influence the financial performance of the airline service. Global market presence: The Air New Zealand Group has focused on increasing the global presence, the initiative directly influence the financial performance of the organization. By developing its services, Air New Zealand has created a strong influence in the Asian market. As mentioned by Ramasamy et al. (2014), millions of people from India and China visit New Zealand for education, work, and trip and for other reasons. Thus, the profit margin of Air New Zealand has been increasing, which positively influence the financial performance of the organization. Customers: The Air New Zealand has gained the popularity for long-effective services. The airline service provider delivers a consistent as well as personalised customer experience throughout the journey. The Air New Zealand is determined to persistently applying the innovation in the customer service such as providing seamless check in process and increased loyalty programme membership. Thus, the customer base of Air New Zealand is increasing, which has the impact on the financial performance. Conclusion On the completion of the report, it can be mentioned that there have many factors that could large affect the operation and the financial performance of the airline service. It is also observed that trends and features of airline business model could change based on the current demands of the services. In addition, three more passenger airline business models have been found including the Full Service Network and Low-Cost Carrier and the charter model. In order to decrease the operational cost, increase profits, these business models could use some core strategies such as cost leadership, differentiation and focus strategy. Reference list: Ager, A.A., Day, M.A., McHugh, C.W., Short, K., Gilbertson-Day, J., Finney, M.A. and Calkin, D.E., 2014. Wildfire exposure and fuel management on western US national forests. Journal of Environmental Management, 145, pp.54-70. Airnewzealand.co.nz. (2016). Results Centre - Annual and Interim Results. [online] Available at: https://www.airnewzealand.co.nz/latest-annual-and-interim-reports [Accessed 28 Aug. 2016]. Baker, D.M.A., 2013. Service quality and customer satisfaction in the airline industry: A comparison between legacy airlines and low-cost airlines. American Journal of Tourism Research, 2(1), pp.67-77. Daft, J. and Albers, S., 2013. A conceptual framework for measuring airline business model convergence. Journal of Air Transport Management, 28, pp.47-54. De Neufville, R., Odoni, A., Belobaba, P. and Reynolds, T., 2013. Airport systems: planning, design and management. Dobruszkes, F., 2013. The geography of European low-cost airline networks: a contemporary analysis. Journal of Transport Geography, 28, pp.75-88. Gardi, A., Sabatini, R., Ramasamy, S. and Kistan, T., 2014. Real-Time Trajectory Optimisation Models for Next Generation Air Traffic Management Systems. In Applied Mechanics and Materials (Vol. 629, pp. 327-332). Trans Tech Publications. Lee, S., Seo, K. and Sharma, A., 2013. Corporate social responsibility and firm performance in the airline industry: The moderating role of oil prices. Tourism Management, 38, pp.20-30. MacDiarmid, A.B., Law, C.S., Pinkerton, M. and Zeldis, J., 2013. New Zealand marine ecosystem services. Ecosystem services in New ZealandConditions and trends, pp.238-253. Ramasamy, S., Sabatini, R., Gardi, A. and Kistan, T., 2014. Next generation flight management system for real-time trajectory based operations. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 629, pp.344-349. Semple, S., Ibrahim, A.E., Apsley, A., Steiner, M. and Turner, S., 2013. Using a new, low-cost air quality sensor to quantify second-hand smoke (SHS) levels in homes. Tobacco control, pp.tobaccocontrol-2013. Shapiro, C. and Varian, H.R., 2013. Information rules: a strategic guide to the network economy. Harvard Business Press. Strohmeier, M., Schafer, M., Lenders, V. and Martinovic, I., 2014. Realities and challenges of nextgen air traffic management: the case of ADS-B. IEEE Communications Magazine, 52(5), pp.111-118. Thompson, A., Peteraf, M., Gamble, J., Strickland III, A.J. and Jain, A.K., 2013. Crafting Executing Strategy 19/e: The Quest for Competitive Advantage: Concepts and Cases. McGraw-Hill Education. Timmins, N. and Ham, C., 2013. The quest for integrated health and social care: A case study in Canterbury, New Zealand. London: The King's Fund.

Articles Summary Assignment Essays - Education, Psychology

Articles Summary Assignment What are the main arguments Machiavelli makes in his book? Do you agree with him? Niccolo Machiavelli was an aristocrat, which his fortune wavered according to the shifts of power in Florence. He contrasts luck and character to the reality of one's fortune and virtues, though he had bad luck in regard of the midicis. The book prince was written in attempt to ingratiate himself with the new prince of Florence. He mentions how a prince can have good qualities and argues about how the prince should behave. His first argument was about "The prince's duty concerning military matters". He argues that the prince must not have any object or thought and must only be profession in wars as he was born to guide and train himself to defend his country in those wars. The second argument was about "Generosity and Miserliness". In this point Machiavelli argues that a prince must consider being generous as a good manner. And it's necessary for him not to neglect any possible means of lavish display. Another main argument is "To Be Loved Than To Be Feared", he argues that its better to be feared than to be loved. He says that a prince needs to avoid being hated but still need to be feared. And to achieve this point he must stay a way of two things, people property and women of his citizens and his subjects. He also adds that a prince should keep his words and promises to live integrity and do not deceit an d must care about people, as they must trust him as well. Finally, I do agree with Machiavelli, as these qualities are important to build a prince personality and to appeal to the community in good characteristics so they return it by trust, love and being faithful to him. What constitutes an intelligence (according to Gardner)? Howard Gardner, a professor at Harvard University, dedicated a program to improve education by emphasizing many fields in education, art, and technologies. One of the most known projects that he had done was "Theory of Multiple Intelligence". Gardner defines MI as the ability to solve items on tests of intelligence. It shows an underlying ability in both adults and children. It also entails the ability of solving fashion products that are consequence in particular cultural setting or community. This allows one to approach a situation with a goal to be obtained. Moreover. MI is framed in the light of the biological origins of each problem-solving skill. Gardner writes some evidences that intelligence is about normal development in gifted individuals like the breakdown of cognitive skills under conditions of brain damage, idiots' savants, autistic children and many other studies. Gardner suggests that the traditional notion of intelligence, based on I.Q. testing, is far too limited. Instead, he proposes seven different intelligences to account for a broader range of human potential in children and adults. These intelligences are: Musical Intelligence. Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence. Logical Mathematical Intelligence. Linguistic Intelligence. Spatial Intelligence. Interpersonal Intelligence. Intrapersonal Intelligence. In the end, these different fields in intelligence assures that each person have a specific pathway that they can show their abilities and be creative in them. You don't have to be smart on all the fields because you're diffidently natural and Describe one life-changing incident in Douglass's narrative and explain its implications (how did it affect him?) David Douglass was a slave born in Maryland, he achieved a lot of things and one of the most important achievements were that he died as a free man and was respected by the community. In my opinion, I think the thing that has an absolute affect in Douglass life was when he lived in Master Hugh's house. He in that time learned how to write and read that was an accomplishment, which no slave could do. His mistress was a pious, warm, and tenderhearted woman. She was new in what they called slavery, instead of treating them bad, she had bread to the hungry, cloths to the naked, and comfort to others. She treated Douglass in a good manner and was like a regular teacher to him. Even though she changed and the slavery finally got to her, she still gave Douglass a reason to live as a human not a slave. Because

Cooperative Learning Models

Cooperative Learning Models Introduction Despite the numerous learning strategies adopted in schools, cooperative learning has been identified as the most efficient. This strategy of instruction and learning has been adequately adopted in many academic institution as well as corporate institutions for educating people.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cooperative Learning Models specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The advantages of this learning process are extensive. It has been observed that cooperative learning gives students the opportunity to acquire academic, social and cognitive skills in an efficient and effective manner. Cooperative learning has been identified to be highly advantageous in the sense that it helps students to solve problems together as well as solution to conflicting ideas. Individual weaknesses and difference in learning process can be adequately countered through the adoption of cooperative learning thus making it an effi cient learning strategy. There are various cooperative learning models which can be efficiently adopted by the teacher for instruction. Some of the main cooperative learning models include; the Graffiti model, the jigsaw model, the academic controversy model and the student teams-achievement division (STAD) model. Despite the numerous efficiencies of each of the cooperative learning models, each is endowed with varied characteristics. This essay will compare and contrast the above highlighted cooperative learning models. The four cooperative learning models including the; Graffiti model, the academic controversy model, the jigsaw model, and the student teams-achievement division (STAD) model have a high sense of commonness. An analysis of the four models of cooperative learning indicates that each of the models is aimed at ensuring integration of students’ ideas in the classroom. The concept of working together as a group in the classroom is explicitly demonstrated by each of the model. This aspect depicts the similarities of the models in enhancing supportive cooperative learning. In the case of graffiti model, students are offered a chance to work in groups on previously identified topics and questions. This helps students to share individual and group knowledge on the topic. This scenario is also depicted in the jigsaw model whereby students are divided into groups and each member assigned with some piece of information. This individual information is integrated together with those of other members thus making it possible to realise the class objectives collectively. In the case of academic controversy model, students are offered adequate freedom to express their understanding on a certain topic.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This creates an open forum for debate, discussion and conflict of ideas thus leading to sharing of information. On t he other hand, the student teams-achievement division (STaD) model also replicates the other models in the sense that it is based on team learning. Students are in this case divided in teams of about five and assigned with specific topics for discussion after which they present to the whole class. On the contrary, the various cooperative learning models have demonstrated significant differences. This is based on the nature of the teams adopted in instruction as well as distribution of materials or information to be discussed. In the graffiti model, students are required to discuss in groups previously identified topics. Each group is supposed to make summaries on all class’s responses. A special aspect of this model is that it ensures face-to-face interactions and positive interdependence among the students. This is in contrast to jigsaw model whereby students are offered with different materials to discuss and share with their colleagues. Academic controversy model on the ot her hand entails open discussion among students, whereby they share their knowledge and experiences on a certain question or topic. In the case of student teams-academic division (STaD) model, students study in groups. These are heterogeneous and representative groups of the entire class. After the group discussions, the information or results of each groups is discussed to the whole class. Conclusion In summation, it has been clearly evident that cooperative learning is one of the most effective learning strategies. This form of learning ensures smooth integration of student’s knowledge in the classroom. Student gain a lot of experience and knowledge on social, cognitive and academic skills. The concept of group work is embraced in cooperative learning whereby students are able to solve problems together. The different cooperative learning models have demonstrated a high sense of similarities in terms of group discussion and collaborative learning. On the contrary, the mode of execution of each model is different this making each model to be distinct.

Measurements of Unemployment and Inflation Essay

Measurements of Unemployment and Inflation - Essay Example The output and the productivity of a business organization are significantly dependent on the employment as well as unemployment rates. This is because of Productivity = Output/Employment and therefore, Employment = Output/Productivity. Hence, it can be stated that the productivity of a business organization is directly proportional to employment. Therefore, it is quite important for the organizations to measure the unemployment rates in order to determine their productivity. These measurements further facilitate the organizations to prepare for the fluctuations that generally take place in the economy (Blanchard, Solow, & Wilson, 2012). Apart from unemployment, the business organizations need to measure the inflation as well. This is because of the reason that consumers’ spending and investment activities are chiefly dependent upon the rate of inflation. A high inflation rate discourages the investors and consequently reduces the amount of investment in the economy. Moreover, high inflation rates are likely to reduce the return on investment and further can result in a downfall in terms of demand in the economy. These reasons make it quite imperative for the management of an organization to carry out timely measurements of the inflation rates (National Grid for Learning, 2009). Furthermore, it is quite essential for business organizations to manipulate the price of their goods which is likely to be valuable when there is a high inflation rate in the economy. Re-pricing is a quite expensive process and in order to avoid frequent re-pricing of the products, the management of the organizations needs to measure the inflation rates. In addition, inflation causes the prices of the raw materials to grow high as well as the prices of other components to rise. These factors compel the business organizations to explore for contemptible raw materials and subsequently increase the cost for the organization. Owing to this, the management of the business needs to mea sure the inflation rate to minimize these costs. Moreover, with an increase in inflation rates, the business organizations face the demands for increasing the wage rates. This further leads to negotiation activities with the employees as well as the labor unions causing chaos in the management system. Therefore, in order to mitigate these threats, the management of the organizations are required to measure the inflation rates (National Grid for Learning, 2009). 2. What Analyses Might A Manager Do To Learn More About A Specific Company Or Industry? In order to learn more about a specific company or industry, a manager can carry out various analysis strategies such as the value chain analysis, Porter’s five forces’ model analysis, and SWOT analysis among others.

Scenario Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Scenario Exam - Essay Example It is noted that Meredith Parker is a 36 year old woman who is a supervisor in a large department store. She works full time, leaving little time to spend with her two small children aged 4 and 2. Over the last two months, Meredith has lost 10kg and has now begun to experience episodes of right sided pain under her ribs, radiating through to her shoulder blade. These have become more frequent, lasting for several hours with episodes of nausea and vomiting. Following a GP referral and investigations she has been admitted to the ward for a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. She stopped taking the combined oral contraceptive pill one year ago and smokes 15 cigarettes per day. In pre-admission clinic her observations were: BP 140/84 mmHg; pulse rate 74 beats/min and regular; respiratory rate 17 breaths/min; temperature 36.8 o C, oxygen saturation 98%.Her waist circumference is 92cm. It is certain that with Meredith Parker’s case there are numerous foreseeable consequences that she is l ikely to encounter if appropriate professional procedure is not impressed. As clearly highlighted in the history of the patient, she is a smoker. Research indicate that smoking often rob the patient’s body of oxygen and significantly interferes with the body of the patient from recovering properly. As widely cited, there is need to impress exercise prior to any surgical procedure. Arguably, exercising increases the level of fitness of a patient and it also promotes quick recovery. However, this are limited to some period of time before hospital admission. Research suggests that before any surgery, a patient needs to be subjected to various diagnostic tests. These might include chest x-ray, CT Scan, biopsies, bone scan, ventilation studies, bronchoscopy, and perhaps blood work. These constitute the prospective assessment. However, one thing to content with is that these processes have to follow a particular protocol commonly referred to as ABCDEF. Certainly Meredith Parker has to adhere to the ABCDEF process. This way, she would be provided with A- Antibiotics shot/Anaesthetistconsulation, followed by B — Blood tests and Bowel for purposes of monitoring proper urinary output, then C — Consent from the patient in order to get be allowed to conduct a Chest X-ray (CXR). It is after this that Meridith Parker shall receive D — Drug chart, which would concern any previous medication/DVT prophylaxis treatment, she would then undergo E — Echocardiography (ECG) followed by F — Fluid monitoring and Food intake, in which she would be kept on nothing per oral (NPO) for at least 12 hours before surgery. In a rather practical approach to Meredith Parker, it is worth noting that there are various steps towards surgery that involve all these procedures in a very specific way and cover the details of management even in six hours post operatively. The first step is to take a detailed history about the symptoms. This includes presenting c omplaints, history of presenting complaints, social, family, personal and drug history. It is essential that all the associated symptoms should be checked. It is important to note if there has been any change in symptoms or if there is any doubt in diagnosis so that they can be checked again. After that, a detail examination is required. In our patient, we should especially