Park therapeutic recreation programs

Park therapeutic recreation programs Contextual environment This is an analysis of Berala on the Park therapeutic recreation programs. Berala Park is twenty-four hours nursing care that offers high quality services and care to clients of all ages. Additionally, Berala Park offers leisure and recreational activities. Berala Park services are categorized into three groups, which include health, lifestyle and activities (Berala on the Park, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Park therapeutic recreation programs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Berala on the Park mission is to provide â€Å"optimum quality resident care delivered with a sense of warmth, friendliness, professionalism and individual pride.† At the same time, the Berala on the Park is dedicated to providing excellence and compassionate care services to the aging members of the society. The premise has established itself as a place where caring begins, and life continues. The main go al of Berala on the Park is to deliver a sustainable, healthy, and comfortable living environment for the aging. At the same time, Berala aims at providing a conducive environment that encompasses freedom, peace, and individuality. It is aimed at gaining new knowledge and insight into aged care so as to ensure high quality care services are delivered (Berala on the Park, 2012). Berala offers low, high, dementia, and low and high respite care accommodation services to the elderly. Low care accommodation allows the client to enjoy the freedom and independence while being cared. It provides independent choices for the client and ensures that home setting environment that is warm, friendly and sociable. High level care guarantees Gold standard level of care to the elderly by delivering quality service facilities, and comfort. This ensures the same environment is provided to the client family at the same time. High level care is designed to ensure that residents enjoy relaxing and pure c omfort of peace. Low and high respite care are a flexible service that is designed for short-term stays. It gives the exact quality services as enjoyed by other permanent residents. Various researches show that active treatment of delirium, depression and cognitive deficits caused by dementia are best treated through a supportive environment (Poole, 2000). It is on this basis that Berala on the Park introduced dementia care. Berala dementia care caters for emotional care of its residents by providing necessary care assistance. They encourage the participation of the elderly in the activities as well as providing a cheerful and friendly environment for the residents. The primary focus of Berala on the Park is to make sure that the needs for the ageing individual are catered. At the same time, it gives the client and his or her family with peace of mind in a more professional way. Rooms at the facility are designed to ensure that paramount comfort is guaranteed. Air conditioning, flat screen televisions, fridge, telephones, broadband connectivity, and most modern en-suit are provided in all rooms. The facility has a 9A Grade hospital building that is in compliance with hospital grade standards.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Berala on the Park has highly qualified and experienced staffs that ensure that the needs of all clients are adequately met. The dedication of nurses to the service of the clients makes your stay at the facility a very nice experience for yourself and your family. The residence offers amazing and stimulating activities to the residents at all times. Extensive activities program ensures that residents have fun and enjoy themselves with various activities such as bingo, bowls, concerts, karaoke, among other activities that are offered. Divisional Therapist creates full time activities that suit every choice. These therapeutic a ctivities are to encourage social interaction and cultivate a sense of belonging to the residents. Parole has well structured lifestyle that encourages residents to participate in leisure and therapeutic activities. Social and leisure assessment activities encourage individual residents input in the development of their own lifestyle care plans. These programs are maintained by divisional therapist officers. Daily Physio aide exercise programs in the residence, live entertainment, morning music, gentle exercise activities, reminiscence or reflection sessions such as nostalgia mornings and memory boxes, aromatherapy and art are other therapeutic activities that the majority of resident finds very important (Astin, 1999). Berala has improved technology for instance; televisions sets at the home interact with the call bell system, communication infrastructure such as phone systems such as call mobile and STD numbers, and new DECT phone. Berala staff also participates in activities with the residents. That such activities are all inclusive of the staff are exercises, music, and games. Other activities offered include art and craft, dancing, reading, scrabble, outings, and tai chi. Berala has a stack to this philosophy by continuously pursuing improvement their building and making rooms more specious (Aged Care Standards and Accreditation Agency Limited, 2009). All the workers have the skills of performing tasks. This ensures that education that is provided by the staff to the residents meets their needs. The company has a stack on its philosophy to offer quality care by intensively proper training and education of the staff. Education relating to accreditation standards is regularly provided to the staffs which usually include quality management, aged care, administration and mentoring. Additionally, Berala in its philosophy is committed to maximizing residents privacy and dignity at all times. The staffs are adequately trained to manage the resident’s priv acy by always requesting permission from the residents to access their rooms.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Park therapeutic recreation programs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In support of its ageing care services, the company ensures that excellent meals are prepared for the residents. The home has chefs that that develop and prepare menus that provide fresh food for the resident. Above all, meals are very nutritious and delicious with seasonal ingredients that guarantee excellent satisfaction. The dishes provided are homemade and meet certain dietary needs of different residents. At this point, its important to reemphasize the special attachment that Berala has for the aged individuals in the society. Residential aged care homes play a very important role in providing accommodation and support for elderly people in society who are unable to live independently at home. It is for the realization of these that B erala has endeavored to provide beautiful and friendly environment for resident through quality care, activities, meals, and accommodation. Assessing of individual care needs of the client The client I worked with in my program is called Betty. Betty is 80 years old retiree. Betty has not received any advanced aged care since she left Berala on the Park home in the last five years. Bettie experiences pain on a regular basis that has had a significant effect her individual quality of life for the last twenty years. The pain has decreased her ability to function effectively thereby limiting her mobility, social interaction, appetite, and rest patterns. More so, the pain seems to have changed her psychological well-being for some time now. This has left her more anxious and depressed. Betty is on pharmacological pain management strategies on a daily basis of low and high respite care of Berala home. Betty is an eloquent speaker with jovial character when a person gets used to her. What fascinates me about her is her composure and love of music and dancing. She particularly enjoys dancing to pop and jazz music and watching cartoon network. At the same time, she is a great fan of topic comic and reality shows. Since pain assessment and diagnosis is carried out for residents with dementia or severe cognitive impairment, Betty gets the much needed assistance from the Berala home. She receives a high level of care and assistance that encourage her to participate in activities as well as stimulating mentally by creating social friends. This leaves her more cheerful than before. Program implementation Since Betty loves music, dancing, and watching top comic and reality shows, the intended program for her is leisure and recreation. The activity for the client should capture her likings so as a combination her current pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment can be successful. The illness caused her to be more anxious and depressed, therefore, the program is aime d at letting her recognize her that she only but her early stage dementia.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Letting her being engaged in listening to music or using imagery techniques like big screen top comic shows is inevitable in her program. This distraction will help her during painful episodes. It is good to realize that music episodes are important in reducing disrupting behavior of aggression by dementia residents. At the same time, this program requires someone who is cheerful so that my client stay active all the time. Additionally, aerobic exercises, strengthening stretching, dancing will be fundamental in pain management so as to improve her conditions as well as improving her mood and pain intensity. At the same time, the program cognitive-behavioral therapy will be vital in reducing her anxiety and depression (The Australian Pain Society, 2005). Evaluation This program is not unique when compared to other pain and dementia programs in many residential aged care homes, in Australia. This is a positive score for the entire program that my client is to undertake. Well trained, educated and experienced personnel in pain management are required in such programs due to the fact that quality services are required for this program to be successful (Warden Volicer, 2003). These professional will be required in the program because of the attention required to avoid moving few step backs in the treatment process. This program might call for multidisciplinary collaboration of the family, nurses, physiotherapists or health professional as well as care workers. The major aim of the program will be decreasing the pain of my client to a bearable level, and that is the essence of involvement of all these professional groups at one stage of the stages within the program. Education programs of the scope of the program activities will be made available on a regular basis to the staff as update of improving the pain management program (Parsons Preece, 2010). The severity of the pain will be regularly be monitored for effective treatment. Pain assessment scales can be use d in the evaluation of the pain dimension during the program. The scales are used on a daily basis so as to check the changes in severity, of the pain and check whether the treatment activities are effective and how they can be improved (art et al., 2008). It is important to note that the client will also have a vital role in the program. Betty’s individual goals are two established first and then become more honest about the treatment activities. Realistic goals of the therapy will be shared between the client and his family. Maintaining of top priority of the treatment goals will be core to the program (Steinhauser et al., 2000). Post implementation audit is also critical is checking whether the resident pain treatment program has been completed within the required time. The program is expected to have a profound improvement in the condition being faced by my client. The major challenge of the program will be keeping the progress of the program on track so as to achieve the program goals as anticipated. To ensure the success of the program and especially with regard to her favorite things she likes doing, I bought her favorite top comics and music and recommended the home on the best entertainment specification that are important in the entire process. From my interaction with her, she is a corporate woman willing to engage in activities that are likely to improve her conditions. The success of this entire program depends on the staff who will be attending to her, her corporation, which is positive alongside other factor. This program promises good outcome due to the effectiveness of the treatment activities and, therefore, very important and highly recommended to other clients. References Aged Care Standards and Accreditation Agency limited. (2009). Decision to Accredit Berala on the Park. Web. Astin, J.A. (1998). Why patients use alternative medicine: Results of a national study. British Medical Journal, 279 (19), 1548-1553. Auret, K. A., Toye, C., Gluck, R., Kristjanson, L. J., Bruce, D., Schug, S. (2008). Development and testing of a modified version of the Brief Pain Inventory for use in residential aged care facilities. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 56 (2), 301-306. Berala on the Park. (2012). About us. Web. Parsons, G., Preece, W. (2010). Principles and practice of managing pain: A guide for nurses and allied health professionals. England: McGraw Hill Open University Press. Poole, J. (2000). Nursing Management of Disturbed Behavior in Aged Care Facilities. Web. Steinhauser, K.E., Christakis, N.A., Clipp, E.C., McNeilly, M., McIntyre, L., Tulsky, J.A. (2000). Factors considered important at the end of life by patients, family, physicians and other care providers. Journal of the American Medical Association, 284, 2476-2482. The Australian Pain Society. (2005). Pain in Residential Care Facilities: Management Strategies. North Sydney, NSW. Warden, V. H. Volicer L. (2003). Development and psychometric scale. Journal of American Medical Directors, 4 (1): 9-15.

20 Must-Dos Before Finishing College

20 Must-Dos Before Finishing College College is a wonderful, magical time in a young person’s life. Unfortunately, it doesnt last long and there are some must-dos before finishing college. There is so much to learn and experience. For example, honing the skill of a perfect keg stand takes time, effort and a lot of practice. Since the mind of college students is so full from their education, they might forget there are other things happening outside the classroom. If you are one of those poor, unfortunate souls that have actually attended the vast majority of the semester’s lectures, it is time we gave you a proper college education. We won’t insult your intelligence by mentioning things like attending class drunk or going streaking. By now, you’ve either given those classics a try or you’ve determined you are too much of a pansy to live life on the edge. No, no. Here are 20 must-dos before finishing college. Grab your friends and get to work. Pick someone up in the bar. Use every cheesy pickup line you can think of until you actually score. Bonus points if it happens to be the hot bartender you’ve had your eye on.   This will help you to be more confident when meeting other people. Create total chaos in the middle of a class. Run in and declare your undying love for the lecturing professor or hottie sitting in the front row. To maximize the effect, make sure you don’t know the person. Do a Power Hour. Or, at least the light version of it. You are not a college student if you havent experienced hangover. Read this guide on how to cure hangover fast. Make a move on someone who is totally out of your league. Each person attracts others with certain characteristics. You can be funny, charismatic, open-hearted  - find your strong sides and use them in future. Suggest your RA to do something   inappropriate and fun with you. The point is to develop your skills of maintaining good relationships with someone who is older and wiser than you. Invite your professor to join you at the bar. Getting to know your professor better is not as weird as it seems. You are just supposed to build good relationships with someone who can help you with your future career but dont cross the line in student-teacher relationship. Protest something – anything. Of course, you can always join a group who already has a mission in mind. But it might be better to start your own protest. That way, you can put your foot down about something like having eight-hour workday or selling fast food on campus. Visit a foreign country. Spend as much time there as possible. Submerge yourself in the culture, make new friend, learn other language, try unusual food and have fun! Heres the list of destinations for college students. Write an opinion piece for your school newspaper. Passionately proclaim your ideas about a totally insignificant issue no one cares about. Or, take the total opposite opinion on something that is very mainstream. Throw an unforgettable college dorm party. Put the sweats away for a night and say no to dining service. Sleep outside. With or without a tent. With or without permission from the property owner. Try some foreign cuisine. And no, Chinese doesn’t count. Or pizza. Get something new and exotic. Bonus points if you make it a progressive dinner and hit up all the local restaurants you’ve never tried before. Watch out for the Indian food – it can get spicy! Sign up for a strange class – something totally unrelated to your major that you would never normally consider taking. Get your friends to join you so you can all be confused, grossed out, and/or awed together. Here youll find the list of the most fun classes you can take in college. Tag something on campus. Throw up a little graffiti in a location that is special/memorable to you. Hook up with someone in the stacks at the library. Bonus points if it is a total strange you convinced to put the studying down for a bit. Pull a fire alarm. Either do it at 3 AM or in the middle of final’s week when everyone is studying their brains out. Give them a well-deserved break. Drink in the library. Drinking in places that are not appropriate for that can be fun. However, dont get used to this. Otherwise, it wont be fun. It will be just inappropriate. Throw an â€Å"Anything But Clothes† costume party. A quick tip: dont get dressed in something that can be easily spoiled by drinks. Or, you will have to go howe naked. If its not what you want, choose durable materials for your NOT-clothes. Do something regrettable with your hair or to your body. Pink highlights or a terrible tattoo. Use your imagination. Play on an intramural team. Gather your friends and join a league for something totally ridiculous – like inter-tube water polo or broomball. Many people assume college is for furthering their education. However, this is not the only aim of college education. College is also about experimentation and developing skills which are useful for your adult life.

Midland Bank Call Center Installation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Midland Bank Call Center Installation - Essay Example Irrespective of the problems that are faced at site, the deadline needs to be maintained and the client was a prestigious one. Major part of the installation exercise was to make sure that all the nodes get connected appropriately and configure all the users in the unit with clear rights to work on their areas.I was the project leader. I lead a team of five engineers who were specifically allotted to install and execute the project. I managed the project, in addition to managing the issues with the people. I mobilized additional resources when needed and pruned unwanted manpower when not in need. When there was a shortage of technological manpower, I never hesitated to step in and get the work completed. Four of the five engineers could not join me, due to personal reasons, resulting in just one engineer at site with me to complete the entire 30 man days project in the ten man days. My immense experience in network technology helped me to complete the job, on my own along with the av ailable engineer.Server and client installation: The implementation of this project was planned for five days at an important client location. Server and client installation knowledge, including lining up with an existing network, create operating domains and allocating users to them for seamless operation, all require extensive technological and network management capabilities.

What is Happiness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What is Happiness - Essay Example These were declared to be unrelated to true happiness (Schervish and Whitaker 16). In his monumental Nicomachean Ethics, he pointed out that the majority of the people believed true happiness to be derived from material things. Nevertheless, people express dissatisfaction with fleeting pleasure and Aristotle rightly points out the futility of expecting honor, possessions, and pleasures to provide true happiness. The latter is based on a principle that these cannot create. (Schervish and Whitaker 16). There is some ambiguity associated with the term happiness, which has come to denote an emotion that is the opposite of sadness. Happiness, per se, lacks permanency and determining whether a person is happy is the province of the person experiencing that emotion. Moreover, the attitude of a person towards this emotion determines whether that person is happy or not. Furthermore, the same stimulus or events may fail to produce happiness in an individual, on each and every occasion. Such is the subjective nature of this emotion (Miller). Thus, happiness is chiefly psychological. On the other hand, there are some scholars, who believe that happiness is not merely a subjective phenomenon. It is their contention that happiness is the outcome of enjoying a trouble-free life. This state of being has been held to be continuous by these scholars. As the underlying elements of such happiness are general in nature, there is no subjectivity involved(Miller). Consequently, any individual under the same circumstances as a happy person should also be happy. Aristotle was of the firm conviction that happiness was understood differently by the elite of society and the common man. Nevertheless, within a specific class of society, there was the consensus regarding what constituted happiness. Thus, it was presumed that the proletariat would equate happiness with some obvious condition like pleasure, wealth or honor. On the other hand, the elite could be expected to relate happiness to critical reflection and excellence (Miller). With regard to happiness being the result of the possession of money and health, the elite would attach minimal importance. Ancient ethics promoted the idea that the manner in which people derived satisfaction in their life was the subject matter of ethics. Thus, the good life had to perforce dwell upon issues, such as the manner of life that a person wanted to lead, performing acts that would promote the good of others, and actions that would benefit the individual (White 3). Aristotle had been seized with engendering an environment, wherein good human functioning and prosperity could develop apace. He was of the opinion that the utmost happiness was to be aimed for, both at the individual as well as the societal level. Physical existence and moral and intellectual qualities were the distinguishing features of a life that was prosperous and good(Ormeci). The human soul, according to Aristotle, is very precious. As a result, it is of far greater importance to fulfill moral qualities, in comparison to other elements. He firmly believed that the best possible life that a man could lead was one whose virtue was adequately supported by material resources (Ormeci).  

Social relationships Essay Example for Free

Social relationships Essay Everybody would agree that friendship courses through our lives, yet its precise nature is unique for every person and, therefore, is difficult to define. Typically, friendship is thought of as a voluntary relationship. Since there are few formal rules or rituals sanctioning friendship in this culture, people enter and exit friendships as they choose. Further, since friendship is often fused with other social roles, marital partners, siblings, or coworkers often choose to regard one another as friends. Acknowledging that friendship is culturally recognized as transcending formal institutional requirements and statuses, Paine (1974) referred to friendship as a kind of institutionalized non-institution (p. 128). Overall, friendship is a voluntary, personal, equal, and mutual relationship with affective ties. Undoubtedly, positive feelings, voluntary caring, and concern for the other, the touchstones of companionship, exist between friends. And while friends may feel profound love for each other, the love of friendship is usually distinguished from sexual or romantic loving, with their overtones of possessiveness and exclusivity. Even so, relationships involving these latter forms of loving may also include or aspire to the ideal-typical characteristics of friendship as well. In addition to its voluntary aspect, friendship involves persons paired in the same social role (friend-friend) (Paine, 1974). This quality contrasts with other relationships, such as the marital relationship, in which partners occupy complementary roles (wife-husband). Because of friendships inherent symmetry, friends come together as equals in order to establish a relationship in which intimacy, trust, honesty, respect, and affection may thrive. Ideally, friendship offers a nonhierarchical relationship in which a person can present a self reasonably free of contrivance and ulterior motives (Suttles, 2001, p. 110). While developing and sustaining a friendship, persons must assume that the other is presenting his or her true self if the friendship is to flourish. Reflecting its voluntary and rather fluid status in the social world, friendship is a private relationship created via the friends ongoing negotiation of the friendships rules of behavior (Paine, 1974 ). Friendships are thus self-managed (Wiseman, 2006, p. 192) since specific friendship practices are not mandated by formal societal rules in American culture. Friends are free to create their own private and personal culture. But this freedom is also dangerous, for the persistence of the relationship utterly depends on the friends actions, values, and motives. Thus, friendship is arguably the most fragile social bond. Wiseman (2006) states that if friendship loses the qualities which make for the extraordinary closeness combined with the voluntariness it encourages, it chances loss of all. There is no standard role or task around which the relationship can re-form and no societal mechanism is activated to ensure or even encourage reconciliation. (p. 192) Although the precise behavioral parameters of friendship are not institutionalized in American society to the degree that romantic, professional, political, or kin relationships are, there are some informal rules of conduct and cultural images guiding the practices of friendship. These rules pertained to keeping confidences, respecting the others privacy, and assisting the other in times of need. The culturally idealized images of friendship and the informal friendship rules offer persons ways of practicing friendship, for those images and rules frame the everyday enactment of friendship. The interactions of friends are understood to a significant degree in light of what it means to be a friend in a particular society. Idealized images and informal rules may also guide the perceptions of observers, for, when questioned about their friendship, friends may point to these cultural images of friendship or to the rules of friendship behavior to validate their relationship. References Paine R. (1974). An exploratory analysis in middle-class culture. In E. Leyton (Ed. ), The compact: Selected dimensions of friendship (pp. 117-137). St. Johns: Institute of Social and Economic Research. Suttles G. D. (2001). Friendship as a social institution. In G. J. McCall, M. McCall , N. K. Denzin, G. D. Suttles, S. Kurth (Eds. ), Social relationships (pp. 95-135). Chicago: Aldine. Wiseman J. P. (2006). Friendship: Bonds and binds in a voluntary relationship. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 3, 191-211.

Lost Illusions, Bitter Wisdom and Fragile Hope in The Tempest Essay

Lost Illusions, Bitter Wisdom and Fragile Hope in The Tempest   Ã‚   Is Shakespeare’s play, The Tempest, a drama of lost illusions, bitter wisdom and fragile hope? Before this question can be considered, one first has to interpret these terms. Perhaps "bitter wisdom" and "fragile hope" are fairly simple concepts to understand, "lost illusions" is somewhat less clear, particularly in the case of The Tempest.    There are three main interpretations of "lost illusions" that could be made. The first is that of a revelation of the mind; the discarding of an 'illusion' to reveal the truth of one's feelings. The second is similar but with a subtle difference; the lifting of an illusion to disclose the truth about something physical (instead of emotional, as in the first case). The last interpretation could not be applied to every use of the word 'illusion,' but suits The Tempest extremely well; this third analysis revolves around magic and the supernatural world.    There are several clear examples from the text to illustrate these various points of view. For the first case we have the character of Prospero who, by the end of the play, has realised that he requires more in his life than his Art of magic. He comes to acknowledge that he needs a change of environment, however much he will miss his old life on the island. For the second interpretation, we have the circumstances surrounding Antonio's usurpation of Prospero's title (told only in flashbacks); the true events that occurred then only come to light at the end of the play, when Prospero reveals the entire story to the assembled characters. The third interpretation, that of magic, is present throughout the play, as Prospero exerts his supernatural talents upon the... ...ased to be a problem, whereas Alonso has the future of his son to contemplate; a future that is by no means certain.    From all this, it is clear that, in a general sense, Shakespeare’s play, The Tempest, is a drama of lost illusions, bitter wisdom and fragile hope, as many characters go through that cycle (lost illusions, leading to bitter wisdom and ending with fragile hope), or various parts of it. Also, this description can be used in a more precise manner, when dealing solely with individual characters, particularly Prospero, Miranda, Alonso and Ferdinand.    Works Cited and Consulted Cesaire, Aime. A Tempest. Trans. Richard Miller. New York: UBU, 1992. Kermode, Frank. "Introduction," in The Tempest(Arden Edition), (London: Methuen, 1962), xlvii-xlviii. West, Robert. Shakespeare and the Outer Mystery. Lexington: UP of Kentucky, 1968.

Logistics Summary

Logistics – a practical approach Part 1: The foundations of Logistics Chapter 1: Introduding Logistics – Logistics is more than just Transportation – Involves aspects like procurement (Beschaffung), sourcing, planning, storing, control and distribution (Verteilung/Austeilung) – Shift towards placing production in Central Europe b/c production is cheaper – Delivery: customer gets what he ordered, where he wants it and at the right time, not too early & not too late – Completeness: orders should arrive as one delivery – Accuracy: should deliver what you promised – Billing: only want to pay for what you ordered Customer service: enough stock to satisfy the customer + service – Flexibility: ability to produce anything on time and anything at any time – Production in developing countries makes it possible to offer goods for the lowest price – Good logistics will result in gaining customers, gaining trade and succ ess for the business itself – Automotive industry is one of the first industries to make good use of all new developments in the field of business studies – Henry Ford discovered the power of a conveyor belt where everyone makes just a small part of the car and becomes a specialist in his own little world. Mistakes are easily recognized ( Work becomes routine and effective ( Saving time and time is money – mass production became the norm – later just-in-time management was taken up by the whole automotive industry which was started by the Japanese Conflicting goals of logistics: – efficient use of machinery – low inventory – many different varieties of products – short delivery time e. g. within two hours – Logistics should help each and everyone in the organization to achieve the overall goal of the company Value chain of Porter shows that we do not have â€Å"very important† and â€Å"less important† depa rtments – â€Å"A chain is only as strong as its weakest link† – Final goal is getting a maximum profit and the survival in the long run [pic] – Planning the activities: instead of taking one aspect or link at a time and trying to obtain an optimal result for this part we now have to look at the whole chain and concentrate on obtaining a maximum result at an integral level. This requires planning for the whole chain (traditional planning vs. modern approach: integral planning ( p. 25) – Symbols: [pic] most logistic value chains will consist of many different forms and will resemble networks – these different aspects all make up the basic elements of logistics within the value chain – all elements within a Supply Chain should be connected – the main goal: to ensure that the customer gets the right product – cooperation is needed in order to ensure that all links have a common goal in mind: to increase the efficiency and e ffectiveness of the chain – results should be: higher profit margins; lower sales prices; improved competition; faster introduction of new products – Supply Chain: a network of connected and interdependent organizations mutually and cooperatively working together to control, manage and improve the flow of materials and information from suppliers to end users – The more links there are between you and the final customer, the more difficult it will be to understand that market Logistics is a combination of the activities: – Material Handling – Stock control – Order handling and processing – Customer service – Demand prediction – Sourcing, Vendoring and purchasing – Distribution: internal and external – Location of warehouses and production facilities – Handling reversed flows of goods, rejects and packaging material – Spare parts, repairs and customer service – Production planning Definition of logistics: Logistics is the process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient, effective flow and storage of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods, services and related information from point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements – Logistics management consists of 2 blocks: Material Management (MM) and Physical Distribution (PD) (p. 36) – Logistics and the most important relationships: [pic] – it is difficult to determine the costs for logistics, as every company has a different concept for what to include and what not – during the last decades, the costs for logistics have seen a huge increase compared to other costs – to get a quick insight into the buildup of costs and the relationships with profits: Return on Investment (ROI) – ROI = Profit / total assets ROI = (Profit/Turnover) * ( Turnover/total assets) ( Not possible to increase the ROI by incr easing sales – Turnover: total sales – Total cost: all costs made in an organization – Costs of logistics: all costs related to logistics – Other costs: all costs except cost of logistics – Profit: what is left after all costs are paid – Profit margin: profit as a percentage of sales – Depts. : all outstanding debts, mainly with suppliers – Liquid assets: assets quickly transferred into cash – Fixed assets: assets which only can be transferred into cash with huge costs like machinery etc. – Total assets: everything invested in an organization – Turnover rate: total assets as a percentage of sales